I am not the expert on this topic, but I know that others have been working hard to make WebGPU capable of handling exactly this task.
In the meantime, if you are trying to map a cylindrical map onto a sphere, one other option might be to start with a cylinder and then bend the shape into a sphere by moving the vertices. This kind of vertex displacement is something that you can easily do in WebGPU and something you should get used to doing if you are planning on creating a true 3D map of the moon.
You should also check out this showcase and search this forum for other discussions on this topic.